# sample.py class Calculator: """ A simple calculator class to perform basic arithmetic operations. """ def __init__(self, value=0): """ Initializes the calculator with a starting value. :param value: The starting value of the calculator (default is 0). """ self.value = value def add(self, number): """ Adds a number to the current value. :param number: The number to add. :return: The updated value after addition. """ self.value += number return self.value def subtract(self, number): """ Subtracts a number from the current value. :param number: The number to subtract. :return: The updated value after subtraction. """ self.value -= number return self.value def multiply(self, number): """ Multiplies the current value by a given number. :param number: The number to multiply with. :return: The updated value after multiplication. """ self.value *= number return self.value def divide(self, number): """ Divides the current value by the given number. :param number: The number to divide by. :return: The updated value after division. :raises ZeroDivisionError: If the number is zero. """ if number == 0: raise ZeroDivisionError("Cannot divide by zero.") self.value /= number return self.value def clear(self): """ Resets the calculator to its initial value (0). :return: The reset value (0). """ self.value = 0 return self.value def main(): """ Main function to demonstrate usage of the Calculator class. Creates an instance of the Calculator and performs a series of operations. """ calc = Calculator() print(f"Initial value: {calc.value}") print(f"Add 10: {calc.add(10)}") print(f"Subtract 5: {calc.subtract(5)}") print(f"Multiply by 2: {calc.multiply(2)}") print(f"Divide by 5: {calc.divide(5)}") calc.clear() print(f"After clear: {calc.value}") if __name__ == "__main__": main()